History

The History of United States of America.

In 1507, German Cartographer Martin Waldseemuller produced the world map in which he named this area "America " a world map in which he named after Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci. 

Brief History United States America

Early American History

The early American history about 35,000 years ago, the first Americans crossed the land from Asia where they stayed thousands of years ago. They moved south into the land that was to become the United States of America. They settled along with the Pacific Ocean in the  Northwest in the mountains and deserts of the southwest along with the Mississippi River in the West. 

These early people are known "As Hohokam, Adenans, Hopewellians, and Anasazi. They lived in villages and cultivated crops. Their life was closely tied to the land and communal. The life of the natural environment played important role in their beliefs. Their culture and religion were oral, and some developed hieroglyphics to preserve texts. Pieces of evidence show that they were deal trade in groups. They disappeared over time and migrated to other places and were replaced by new groups of Native Americans, the Hopi and Zuni flourished. The Europeans who arrived in North America were Norse. They Traveled west of Greenland, Where Erik the red had found the settled near the year 985. The ruins of Norse houses dating back from that time have later been discovered in L'Anse aux Meadows in northern. Almost 500 years before other Europeans approached North America.

The first famous explorer was Christopher Columbus of Genoa. The Christopher Columbus tour was financed and bearded the expenses by Queen Isabella of Spain. He landed on the islands of the Caribbean sea near 1492 A.D. The other man explorer John Cabot of Venice came five years after on the mission of the king of England.

 

Christopher Columbus

The 15th century was the age of Spanish explorations in America. Juan Ponce DE Leon landed in Florida in 1513 A.D. The Hernando DE Soto also reached Florida in 1539 and as far as the Mississippi river. In 1540 A.D. Francisco Vazquez set north from Mexico in 1522. He traveled as far as the Grand Canyon in Arizona. 

 Colonial Period of America

 In the 16th century, English settlers came from British Colonies. The few settlers were from Netherlands, Sweden, Germany, France, Scotland, and Ireland. Some left their homes to escape war, oppression, and persecution. They are also left as servants who work on their way to freedom. The black Africans were sold into slavery. In 1690 the population was 250,000 ( 2.5 million). They had reasons for coming to America, and the early 13 colonies formed. 

The first colony was built along the Atlantic coast and on a river that flowed to Ocean. In the North, settlers found hills covered with trees and stones that the ICE Age glaciers melted.

The middle colony including New York and Pennsylvania had a mild climate and terrain. Industry and agriculture flourished. 

Southern Colony, Virginia, Georgia, and Carolina had a long season and had fertile land, and agriculture was the main economy. The small farmers and wealthy landowners, large plantations worked by African slaves.

The relations between settlers and Native Americans called Indians, were uneasy both cooperation and conflict. they were forced to move after being defeated. 

The settlements of colonies were directly sponsored by the British Government.

The years of turmoil in British culminated with a glorious revolution of 1688-89 that deposed King James 2 and led to limits on monarchy and greater freedom for people. The American colonies benefited from these changes, limiting the power of royal governors and establishing their own power. 

Independence :

The principles of liberalism and democracy and the political foundation of the United States. The natural process of building a new society on land. Britain's 13 North American colonies matured during the 17th century. They grew their population, economy, and cultural attainment. They started self-government. 

 The war between Britain and France in 1750 was fought in North America. Britain was victorious and controlled its vast empire.

 The Royal Proclamation of 1763 restricted the opening of new lands for settlement. The Sugar Act of 1764 placed taxes on luxury goods, including coffee, silk, and wine, and made it illegal to import. The currency act of 1764 prohibited the printing of paper money in colonies. The Quartering Act of 1765 forced colonies to provide food and housing for royal soldiers. The Stamp act of 1765 required the purchase of royal stamps for all documents, newspapers, and licenses. The colonies objected to all measures. In October 1765 the 27 delegates from 9 colonies met in New York to coordinate efforts to get the Stamp Act repealed. They passed resolutions asserting the individual colonies' rights to impose their own Taxes.

The self Government produced local political leaders and they worked together to defeat oppressive acts of Parliament. They succeeded in their coordinated campaign against Britain ended. The Massachusetts Samuel Adams was the most effective, he wrote newspaper articles and made speeches appealing to colonists. he helped to organize committees in the colonies that became the basis of a revolutionary movement by 1773. 

The colonists felt a growing sense of frustration and anger over British encroachment on their rights. They want complete independence from the British government.

Revolution :

A small fight arose between  British soldiers and armed colonists on April 19, 1775. The British had set out from Boston, Massachusetts to seize weapons and ammunition that revolutionary colonists had collected from nearby villages. The fighting broke out in other places along the road as the British soldiers in red uniforms made their way back to Boston. More than 250 soldiers were killed or wounded and America lost 93 men.

The deadly clashes continued around Boston as colonists hurried to Philadelphia to discuss the situation. A majority were against war with Britain. They agreed to combine colonial militias into a continental army and they appointed George Washington of Virginia as Commander-in-chief. The second continental Congress adopted a peace resolution urging George 3 to prevent further hostilities. The king rejected it and on August 23 declared that American colonies were in rebellion. 

The calls for independence intensified, and radical political theorist Thomas Paine helped argue for separation. In a pamphlet called Common Sense sold 1 lac copies, he was against the monarchy. Paine presented two alternatives for America: submission under a tyrannical king in a system of government or liberty and happiness as a self-sufficient, independent republic. 

The Second Continental Congress appointed a committee represented by Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, to prepare documents outlining the colony's grievances against the king. This declaration of Independence was adopted on July 4, 1776.

Since the 4th of July is celebrated as America's day of Independence.

The Declaration of Independence not only announced the birth of a new nation, but also a philosophy of human freedom. It drew upon French and British political ideas especially those of John Locke in his Second Treatise on Government.

 

Formation of National Government 

The 13 American colonies became the united States of America in 1783, after the war of independence from Britain. They ratified a framework for their common efforts. George Washington called it the rope of sand. there was no common currency, no military force, and no system of tax collection.

The gathering in Philadelphia in May 1787 was remarkable. The 55 delegates elected to the convention had experience in colonial and state government. Reaching a consensus on some of the details of a constitution proves difficult. Many delegates want a strong national government that limited states' rights. The others want a weak national government that preserves state authority.

On 17th September 1787 after 4 months of deliberation, a majority of delegates signed the new constitution. They agreed on it and become a law of the land 9 out of 13 states ratified it. 

George Washington was sworn in as the first president of the United States on 30th April 1789. He worked with Congress to create departments of State, Treasury, Justice, and war.